Iipropati, iingenelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Ductile Iron

I-Ductile iron, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-spheroidal okanye i-nodular iron, liqela lee-alloys zesinyithi ezinesakhiwo esincinci esizinika amandla aphezulu, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, kunye nokuthamba. Iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-3% yekhabhoni kwaye inokugotywa, ijijeke, okanye iguqulwe ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-graphite flake. I-Ductile iron ifana nentsimbi kwiipropati zayo zoomatshini kwaye iqine kakhulu kune-cast iron eqhelekileyo.

Ii-ductile iron castings zenziwa ngokugalela i-ductile iron enyibilikisiweyo kwiimolds, apho i-iron iphola kwaye iqine ukuze yenze iimilo ezifunwayo. Le nkqubo yokugalela iphumela kwizinto zesinyithi eziqinileyo ezinokuqina okugqwesileyo.

Yintoni Eyenza I-Ductile Iron Ibe Yeyodwa?

Intsimbi ethambileyo yasungulwa ngo-1943 njengophuculo lwanamhlanje kunentsimbi ethambileyo yendabuko. Ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi ethambileyo, apho igrafiti ibonakala njengeeflakes, intsimbi ethambileyo inegrafiti ngohlobo lwe-spheroids, yiyo loo nto igama elithi “igrafiti yespheroidal.” Olu lwakhiwo luvumela intsimbi ethambileyo ukuba imelane nokugoba kunye nokutshayisa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, nto leyo enika amandla okumelana nentsimbi ethambileyo yendabuko, enokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka.

Intsimbi ethambileyo yenziwe ngokuyintloko ngentsimbi yehagu, intsimbi ecocekileyo kakhulu enomxholo wentsimbi ongaphezulu kwe-90%. Intsimbi yehagu ikhethwa kuba ineziqalelo ezishiyekileyo okanye ezinobungozi, ikhemikhali ehambelanayo, kwaye ikhuthaza iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-slag ngexesha lokuveliswa. Le mithombo yesixhobo sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba ii-ductile iron foundries zikhethe intsimbi yehagu kunezinye izinto ezifana nentsimbi elahliweyo.

Iimpawu zeDuctile Iron

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi esithambileyo zenziwa ngokulawula isakhiwo se-matrix esijikeleze i-graphite ngexesha lokuphoswa okanye ngonyango olongezelelweyo lobushushu. Olu tshintsho luncinci lwesakhiwo luyilelwe ukufezekisa izakhiwo ezithile, ezithi ke zona zigqibe iipropati zesigaba ngasinye sesinyithi esithambileyo.

Intsimbi ethambileyo ingathathwa njengentsimbi ene-spheroids zegrafiti ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Iimpawu ze-metallic matrix ezijikeleze ii-spheroids zegrafiti zichaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zentsimbi ethambileyo, ngelixa igrafiti ngokwayo inegalelo ekuthambekeni kwayo nasekuguquguqukeni kwayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-matrices kwi-ductile iron, kwaye ezi zilandelayo zezona zixhaphakileyo:

1. 1. I-Ferrite– I-matrix yesinyithi esicocekileyo esithambileyo kakhulu kwaye siguquguquka, kodwa sinamandla amancinci. I-Ferrite ayigugi kakuhle, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nempembelelo ephezulu kunye nokulula komatshini kuyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiindidi zesinyithi esithambileyo.
2. 2. I-Pearlite– Idityaniswe ne-ferrite kunye ne-iron carbide (Fe3C). Iqinile xa isetyenziswa kakhulu, inika amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, kunye nokumelana nokuchaphazeleka okuphakathi. I-Pearlite ikwabonelela ngomatshini olungileyo.
3. 3. I-Pearlite/i-Ferrite– Isakhiwo esixutyiweyo esine-pearlite kunye ne-ferrite, eyona matrix ixhaphakileyo kwiindidi zorhwebo ze-ductile iron. Sidibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini, sibonelela ngendlela elungeleleneyo yamandla, i-ductility, kunye ne-machinability.

Isakhiwo esincinci sesinyithi ngasinye sitshintsha iimpawu zaso zomzimba:

Iiklasi ze-Iron Ductile eziqhelekileyo

Nangona kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ethambileyo, ii-foundries zihlala zibonelela ngamabakala amathathu aqhelekileyo:

Iingenelo zeDuctile Iron

Isinyithi esithambileyo sibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kubayili kunye nabavelisi:

• • Ingaphoswa kwaye yenziwe ngomatshini ngokulula, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
• • Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla xa ithelekiswa nobunzima, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho izinto ezihlala ixesha elide kodwa ezikhaphukhaphu.
• • Intsimbi ethambileyo inika ulungelelwano oluhle lokuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokuthembeka.
• • Ukukwazi kwayo ukuphotha kunye nokulungisa izinto ngendlela egqwesileyo kwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweDuctile Iron

Ngenxa yamandla ayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo, intsimbi ethambileyo ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwimizi-mveliso. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi, kwiindawo zeemoto, kwiigiya, kwiindawo zokufunxa, nakwiisiseko zoomatshini. Ukumelana kwentsimbi ethambileyo kukwenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko, njengee-bollards kunye nokukhuselwa kwimpembelelo. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lamandla omoya nakwezinye iindawo ezixinezelekileyo apho ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kubalulekile.