UMGUTYU NGESIZAZELO SESIXEKO
"Abasweleyo, Abalusizi" nguVictor Hugo
Ukuphosa yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho izinto ezingamanzi zihlala zigalelwa kwisikhunta, esinemingxuma engenanto yesimo esifunekayo, size sivunyelwe ukuba siqine. Inxalenye eqinisiweyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cast, ekhutshwa okanye iphulwe kwisikhunta ukuze kugqitywe le nkqubo. Kuyo yonke imbali, ukuphosa isinyithi bekusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo, izixhobo, kunye nezinto zonqulo. Imbali kunye nophuhliso lokuphosa isinyithi kunokulandelwa emva kuMzantsi Asia (iTshayina, iIndiya, iPakistan, njl.njl.) ngenkqubo eneminyaka eyi-7,000 ubudala. Ukuphosa okudala okusindileyo yisele lethusi elivela kwi-3200 BC.
Ngowe-1300BC, iSimuwu Rectangle Cauldron eTshayina enobunzima obuyi-875kgs ityhila umgangatho ophezulu wobuchule bokuphosa kunye nobugcisa. Imele impumelelo ephezulu yokuphosa kwiShang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC).
Ngowama-800 BC, ikrele lesinyithi eliyiJade lelona candelo lokuqala lesinyithi elaziwayo eTshayina, nto leyo ebonisa ukungena kweTshayina kwiXesha lesinyithi.
Malunga nowama-1400, iibhareli zezibhamu kunye neembumbulu yayiziimveliso zokuqala zesinyithi eYurophu. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza iibhareli babuhambelana nokwakheka kwe-loam kusetyenziswa iitemplate, ezazisele ziphuhlisiwe zokubumba ubhedu kumaXesha Aphakathi. Emva kobuchwepheshe bokwenza i-loam obusetyenziswa ekuqaleni ukuvelisa iimbumbulu ngokulandelelana, kwavela ukusetyenziswa kwesikhunta esihlala sihleli esenziwe ngesinyithi esityhidiweyo.
Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-15, izinto ezifana nemibhobho yamanzi kunye neentsimbi zenziwa ngentsimbi ephosiweyo. Imibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi endala kakhulu yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-17 kwaye yafakelwa ukusasaza amanzi kuzo zonke iigadi zaseChateau de Versailles ngo-1664. Ezi zifikelela kwi-35 km yemibhobho, ngokuqhelekileyo ubude bayo buyi-1 m enezihlanganisi ezijijekileyo. Ubudala obugqithisileyo bale mibhobho buyenza ibe nexabiso elikhulu kwimbali.
Ishishini lemibhobho yesinyithi eTshayina laqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ngenkxaso enamandla ye-China Urban Water Supply Association yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuphuhla koluntu noqoqosho, iTshayina idume njengefektri yehlabathi namhlanje, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso ezenziwe eTshayina uphuculwe kakhulu.
Kule mihla, umvelisi omkhulu we-castings ehlabathini yiTshayina. Imveliso ye-castings ifikelele kwiitoni ezingaphezu kwe-35.3 yezigidi ngo-2019, edlula i-United States iminyaka emininzi kwaye ikwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-castings eTshayina minyaka le kufikelele kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-2.233 yezigidi, kwaye iimarike eziphambili zokuthumela ngaphandle yiYurophu, iMelika, iJapan kunye namanye amazwe. Ngokudityaniswa koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe esondeleyo, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomkhwa omtsha weziko lemveliso lehlabathi elidlulisela eTshayina, sineemfuno eziphezulu neziphezulu zomgangatho kunye nomgangatho we-castings, siphucula ulwakhiwo lweemveliso ze-castings, sonyuse umgangatho wemveliso, sinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye sikhusele okusingqongileyo, kwaye siqhubeke silwela ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu.
