EN4016: Isikhokelo seZixhobo zokubopha kwiiNkqubo zeMibhobho yeNsimbi yeDuctile

Kwiinkqubo zemibhobho yoxinzelelo lwentsimbi ethambileyo, izibophelelo (ezifana neebholiti, amantongomane, kunye neegasket), nangona zincinci, zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina, ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo koqhagamshelo lwemibhobho. I-EN4016, “Iipayipi zentsimbi ethambileyo, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo – Ubonelelo lwamanzi okusela – Iimfuno kunye neendlela zovavanyo,” ibeka ngokucacileyo iimfuno zobugcisa zezibophelelo ezisetyenziswa kwimibhobho enjalo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko malunga nezibophelelo ezisekelwe kulo mgangatho.

Umgangatho we-EN4016 awugcini nje ngokugubungelaimibhobho yentsimbi ethambileyokunye nezixhobo zokufakelwa ngokwazo, kodwa ikwachaza ngokukodwa ukusebenza, izixhobo, kunye nokukhuselwa kokugqwala kweenkqubo zokubopha ezisetyenziselwa ukuzidibanisa (kubandakanya iibholiti, iinati, kunye neewasher). Ukukhetha nokusebenzisa izibophelelo ezihambelana nalo mgangatho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yonke yemibhobho.

Iimfuno eziSisiseko zeZixhobo zokuFaka
Ngokwe-EN4016, izibophelelo ezisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yesinyithi ethambileyo (ingakumbi ezo zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela) kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezisisiseko ezilandelayo:
1. Izinto kunye neempawu zoomatshini

• Iibholiti: ngokubanzi kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla nokuqina okwaneleyo, njengentsimbi yekhabhoni okanye intsimbi ye-alloy. Umgangatho weempawu zazo zoomatshini kufuneka ube yi-8.8 ubuncinane (okubonisa amandla okutsalwa aqhelekileyo angama-800 MPa kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla okukhupha oyi-0.8). Kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iibholiti ezinamandla ayi-10.9 nangaphezulu zinokufuneka.
• Amantongomane: kufuneka alingane nomgangatho webholiti, ngokuqhelekileyo asebenzisa amantongomane ebanga lesi-8 okanye i-10, ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluhambelanayo nokuthintela ukuqhawulwa kwemisonto.
• Ukukwazi ukucima: kufuneka kube nokukwazi ukucima kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene zangaphakathi.

2. Imisontokufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho ye-ISO metric thread (umz., ISO68-1, ISO261),Icocekile, iphelele, kwaye ingabi namaqhuma, imifantu, nezinye iziphene ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibholiti kunye nenati zisebenza kakuhle.

3. Ubukhulu kunye nokunyamezelakufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zokunyamezela ezichazwe kwimizobo yoyilo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo (efana ne-EN ISO 4014 kunye ne-EN ISO 4032) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyatshintshana kwaye zihambelana xa zidityanisiwe.

Ngenxa yokuba imibhobho yentsimbi ethambileyo idla ngokusetyenziswa phantsi komhlaba okanye kwiindawo ezifumileyo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ithutha amanzi okusela, ukumelana nokugqwala kwee-fasteners kuphezulu kakhulu. I-EN4016 inemigaqo engqongqo malunga noku:
1. Umngcipheko Wokugqwala
Izibophelelo zentsimbi yekhabhoni zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukubola kwe-electrochemical kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Ukubola okukhulu kunokukhokelela ekwaphukeni kwebholiti, ukuvuza kwamalungu, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yemibhobho.
Ukuze ifikelele emanzini okusela, i-anti-corrosion coating mayingabi natyhefu, ingabi navumba, kwaye ingabi nafuthe kumgangatho wamanzi.

2. Iingubo ezicetyiswayo zokungagqwali,I-EN 4016 icebisa olu hlobo lulandelayo lonyango lokulwa nokugqwala kwiindawo zamanzi okusela:
I-Hot-dip galvanizing (HDG): Le yindlela yokukhusela eqhelekileyo nesebenzayo. Emva kokuyicola nokuyijika, izibophelelo zifakwa kwi-zinc enyibilikisiweyo ukuze zenze umaleko we-zinc-iron alloy kunye nomaleko we-zinc ococekileyo.
Imfuneko: Ubukhulu bomaleko we-galvanized kufuneka buhlangabezane nemigangatho efanelekileyo (efana ne-ISO 10684), edla ngokufuna ubukhulu obuphakathi obuyi-50μm ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokugqwala ixesha elide. I-Dacromet/Zinc-Chromium Coating: Itekhnoloji yokugquma engena-hydrogen-embrittlement-resistant corrosion-resistant, eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-slurry eyenziwe yi-zinc powder, i-aluminium powder, kunye ne-chromic acid uze uyibhake kubushushu obuphezulu.
Iingenelo: Ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo (ngokuvamile kungaphezulu kune-hot-dip galvanizing enobukhulu obulinganayo), akukho mngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen, kunye nokwaleka okufanayo.
Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zococeko zezinto ezidibana namanzi okusela.

I-Epoxy Coating: Ifilimu yokukhusela i-epoxy resin eqinileyo ifakwa kumphezulu we-fastener kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana nokutshiza nge-electrostatic.
Iingenelo: Ukumelana neekhemikhali okugqwesileyo kunye nenkangeleko entle ngobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ulusu kufuneka luhlale luqinile kwaye lungenamonakalo, kuba oku kunokubangela ukugqwala.

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