UMGWEBI LWESIXEKO
-《Abaxhwalekileyo, Abaxhwalekileyo》NguVictor Hugo
Ukuphosa yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho i-liquid material idla ngokugalelwa kwi-mold, equlethe umngxuma ongenanto wemilo efunekayo, kwaye emva koko ivunyelwe ukuba iqine. Inxalenye eqinileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-casting, ekhutshiweyo okanye ephulwe ngaphandle komngundo ukugqiba inkqubo. Ukutyhubela imbali, ukujulwa kwentsimbi bekusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezinto zonqulo. Imbali yokuphosa isinyithi kunye nophuhliso lunokulandelwa kwi-Asia yaseMzantsi (i-China, i-Indiya, iPakistan, njl njl) kunye nenkqubo ye-7,000 yeminyaka ubudala. Olona didi ludala lwasindayo lisele lobhedu ukusukela ngo 3200 BC.
I-1300BC, i-Simuwu Rectangle Cauldron e-China enobunzima be-875kgs ibonisa umgangatho ophezulu wobuchule bokuphosa kunye nobugcisa. Imele eyona mpumelelo iphezulu yolawulo lweShang (1600-1046 BC)
800BC, iJade ibambe ikrele lentsimbi yeyona misebenzi yakudala eyaziwayo eTshayina, nto leyo eluphawu lokungena kweTshayina kwi-Iron Age.
Malunga ne-1400, imipu-migqomo kunye neembumbulu yayizezimveliso zokuqala zentsimbi eYurophu. Itekhnoloji yokwenza imibhobho ihambelana nokwenza i-loam ngokusebenzisa iitemplates, esele ziphuhlisiwe ukuphosa ubhedu kumaXesha Aphakathi. Emva kokuba iteknoloji yokwenza i-loam esetyenzisiweyo ekuqaleni kwimveliso ye-serial yeembumbulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-mold esisigxina eyenziwe ngentsimbi yokuphosa kwavela.
Embindini wenkulungwane ye-15 izinto ezifana nemibhobho yamanzi kunye neentsimbi zaveliswa kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Eyona mibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi emidala isusela kwinkulungwane ye-17 kwaye yafakelwa ukusasaza amanzi kuzo zonke izitiya zaseChateau de Versailles 1664. Le mibhobho ifikelela kuma-35 eekhilomitha zombhobho, oqhele ukuba yi-1 m ubude namajoyinti ajikekileyo. Ubudala obugqithisileyo bale mibhobho bubenza baxabiseke kakhulu ngokwembali.
Ushishino lwemibhobho yentsimbi yaseTshayina lwaqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo ye-China Urban Water Supply Association yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngophuhliso loluntu kunye noqoqosho, iChina idume njengefektri yehlabathi namhlanje, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso ezenziwe eTshayina uphuculwe kakhulu.
Kule mihla, umvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi we-castings yi-China. Imveliso yokuphosa ifikelele ngaphezulu kwe-35.3 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2019, eyodlula i-United States iminyaka emininzi kwaye ikwinqanaba lokuqala emhlabeni. Ukuthunyelwa kweetoni ze-2.233 zezigidi zonyaka ngaphandle kwe-China, kwaye iimarike eziphambili zokuthumela ngaphandle ziseYurophu, eMelika, eJapan kunye nakwamanye amazwe.Ngokumanyaniswa koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nentsebenziswano esondeleyo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nendlela entsha yeziko lokuvelisa lehlabathi elitshintshela e-China, sineemfuno eziphezulu kunye eziphezulu zomgangatho kunye nebakala lokuphosa, ukuphucula ubume bemveliso yokuphosa, ukunciphisa imveliso kunye nokukhusela imveliso, ukunciphisa imveliso kunye nokukhusela ngokuqhubekayo ukuphuculwa komgangatho wobomi bomntu.
