Iziphene zokuphosa eziqhelekileyo: oonobangela kunye neendlela zoThintelo

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, iziphene ziyinto eqhelekileyo enokubangela ilahleko enkulu kubavelisi. Ukuqonda oonobangela kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zokuthintela ezisebenzayo kubalulekile kuqinisekiso lomgangatho. Apha ngezantsi zezona ziphene zixhaphakileyo zokuphosa kunye nezizathu zazo kunye nezisombululo ezicetyiswayo.

1. I-Porosity (Amaqamza, Umngxuma wokukrwitsha, ipokotho)

Iimpawu: I-Porosity kwi-castings ibonakala njengemingxuma ngaphakathi komphezulu, iyahluka ngokubunjwa ukusuka kumjikelezo ukuya kwi-regular. Iipore ezininzi zinokwenza iipokotho zomoya ngaphantsi komphezulu, zihlala zimile okwepere. Imingxunya ekrwitshiweyo ithanda ukuba neemilo ezirhabaxa, ezingaqhelekanga, ngelixa iipokotho ziqhelekile ukuba neendawo ezigudileyo. Iipores ezikhanyayo zinokubonwa ngokubonakalayo, ngelixa i-pinholes ibonakala emva kokulungiswa komatshini.

Oonobangela:

• Ubushushu bobushushu bomngundo buphantsi kakhulu, bubangela ukuba isinyithi elulwelo siphole ngokukhawuleza xa sigalelwa.
• Uyilo lokungunda alunawo umbhobho ofanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwiigesi ezivalelekileyo.
• Ipeyinti engafanelekanga okanye ukugquma ngokungena komoya ombi.
• Imingxuma kunye nemingxuma kwi-mold cavity ibangela ukwanda kwegesi ngokukhawuleza, ukudala imingxuma emisiweyo.
• Umphezulu womngundo udlekile kwaye awucocwa.
• Izinto eziluhlaza (ii-cores) zigcinwa ngokungafanelekanga okanye zingafudumala ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
• I-arhente yokunciphisa kakubi okanye iidosi kunye nokusebenza okungalunganga.

Iindlela zoThintelo:

• Ukufudumeza ngokupheleleyo ukubunjwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iingubo (ezifana negraphite) zineesayizi ezifanelekileyo zeengqungquthela zokuphefumula.
• Sebenzisa indlela yokuphosa ethambekileyo ukukhuthaza usasazo olulinganayo.
• Gcina izinto eziluhlaza kwiindawo ezomileyo, ezinomoya kwaye ufudumeze ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
• Khetha ii-agent zokunciphisa ezisebenzayo (umzekelo, i-magnesium).
• Lawula ubushushu bokugalela ukuthintela ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukufudumeza.

2. Ukucutheka

Iimpawu: Iziphene zokuncipha yimingxuma erhabaxa evela kumphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kokusalwa. Ukushwabana okuncinci kuqulathe iinkozo ezirhabaxa ezisasazekileyo kwaye kaninzi kwenzeka kufutshane neembaleki, izinyusi, iindawo ezishinyeneyo, okanye iindawo ezinobunzima bodonga.

Oonobangela:

• Ubushushu bomngundo abuxhasi ukuqina kwecala.
• Ukukhethwa kokugquma okungafanelekanga, okanye ukutyeba okungalinganiyo kokutyabeka.
• Ukuphosa indawo engafanelekanga ngaphakathi kokungunda.
• Uyilo olubi lokunyusa okuthulula, okukhokelela ekuzalisweni kwesinyithi ngokwaneleyo.
• Ubushushu bokugalela buphantsi kakhulu okanye buphezulu kakhulu.

Iindlela zoThintelo:

• Yandisa ubushushu bomngundo ukuxhasa nokomelela.
• Lungisa ubukhulu bengubo kwaye uqinisekise ngokulinganayo ukusetyenziswa.
• Sebenzisa ukufudumeza komngundo okanye ukugquma ukuthintela ukushwabana kwendawo.
• Sebenzisa iibhloko zobhedu kwindawo eshushu okanye ukubanda ukulawula amazinga okupholisa.
• Yila iiradiyetha kumngundo okanye usebenzise isitshizi samanzi ukukhawulezisa ukupholisa.
• Sebenzisa iziqwenga eziqhaqhayo eziqhaqhayo ngaphakathi komngxuma ukwenzela imveliso eqhubekayo.
• Yongeza izixhobo zoxinzelelo kwiindawo zokunyuka kunye noyilo lweenkqubo zokugawula ngokuchanekileyo.

3. Imingxunya ye-Slag (i-Flux Slag kunye ne-Metal Oxide Slag)

Iimpawu: Imingxuma ye-slag yimingxuma eqaqambileyo okanye emnyama kwi-castings, ihlala igcwele i-slag okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Zisenokwakheka ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ziqhele ukufunyanwa kufutshane neembaleki okanye iikona zokuphosa. I-Flux slag inokuba nzima ukuyibona ekuqaleni kodwa ibonakala emva kokususwa. I-oxide slag ihlala ibonakala kumasango e-mesh kufuphi nomphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha kwiiflakes okanye kumafu angaqhelekanga.

Oonobangela:

• Ukunyibilikiswa kwe-alloyi engalunganga kunye neenkqubo zokuphosa, kubandakanywa noyilo olubi lwenkqubo yokungena.
• Ubumba ngokwalo alubangeli ngokubanzi imingxuma ye-slag; ukusebenzisa i-metal molds kunokunceda ukukhusela esi siphene.

Iindlela zoThintelo:

• Yila iisistim zokungena ngokuchaneka kwaye ucinge ngokusebenzisa izihluzi zefayibha eziphosiweyo.
• Sebenzisa iindlela zokugalela ezithambekele ekunciphiseni ukubunjwa kwe-slag.
• Khetha iiarhente ezidityanisiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ugcine ulawulo olungqongqo lwekhwalithi.

Ngokuqonda ezi ziphene eziqhelekileyo kunye nokulandela iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokuthintela, ii-Foundries zingaphucula umgangatho wazo wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu. Hlala ubukele iSigaba 2, apho siza kugubungela iziphene ezongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo zazo.